Earth anchor



Aug. 31, 1948. I o. F. TALLMAN j l, Re. 23,036

EARTH ANCHOR Y 2 Sheets-Sheet l Original Filed Sept. 28, 1945 [N VEA/role OSCAR F. TALLMAN o. F. TALLMAN Re. 23,036

EARTH ANCHOR Aug. 31, 1948.

Original Filed Sept. 28, 1945 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Y P/IIIIIIII'I I ms F'lG.7.

ZrvEA/rok OSCARl F. TALLMAN wwfw Ressued Aug. 31, 1.94.8

LEARTH ANCHOR -scar=-F. 'Tallmam St. Lcuis,"'Mo., assignorto James R. Kearney" Corporationfsh' Louis, Mo., fa corporation of Missouri .Original No."`2',42[,934, "dated September-23, 1347, "SerialNo.'6I9,191, Septemberl28, 1945. .Applicatiorifor reissueMay 8,".'1948,'.`Seri`al No.` 25,961

1 This inven tion relates generally vto earth -anchorsiv and more speciflcallygtonan- .earth anchor of the type which. is ,provided'Witlr awpluralitytof l slidably` supportedliiukes thatare;.movableiout wardly from retractedtoexpanded positions-in response to tamping blowsdirectedagainst arzpart of the anchor, so .as to increasetheefective area of the anchor, `the :predominant object ofthe invention being to'provideLan earthanchorof this .type which, because of :,.its improved and unique construction and arrangement; is greatly .simplied in .its mechanica1itconstructicn whereby said anchor maybe economicallyproduced,f.zand

. which is capable of performing its :intended function in,- an improvedand highly, efficient manner.

Fig. l is `a .planview of the-"improved earth anchor of .the present invention.

Fig. 2 -isa side 'elevationof theaearth anchor illustrated in Fig.. 1. f

f Fig. 3 is'a Verticalfsectionpf. thefearth anchor l shown inv` Figs. 1- and 2.

Fig. 4 is a vertical section of.. the improved'earth anchor showingnsame. as itiappearsiwhen ,expanded.

. Fig. 5 :is azhorizolntalfy section takenon l1nef5f-5 of Fig. 3.

1Fig. 6` ispa fragmentary View partly;v inrse`cticn and partly in .elevationtakenzon the: interrupted line 6-6 of FignB.

Fig. 7 isa 4perspective,viewrofxa'partofthe improved earth anchor.

VInthe drawings, wherein is .show-n for therpurpose :of illustration,4 *merelyu one embodiment ".of the invention,."A :designates the `improved*earth anchor` generally. The earthizanchor Ai includes a base'member I =whichpreferably.is :circular when viewed in plan, as shown'in l5ig.11; and which is'dishfshapedfin vertical section,tas .is shown in Figs. .3.and4, said-..base1.member comprising a curved: bottomawall .la gwhich imergesuinto anAY u-pstanding annularxlwall Ib.

Formed through the bottom wallIwoif'the .base member l, at the,..diame.trica1center thereof, A,isv an opening4 2, andalined with `said: lopening1 2- and extended yupwardly from thel bottom" wall 'y of the-base member" I is la yhollowffthinible3'. fThe A particular hollow lthimble J3, #illustrated Tin-"the drawingsr is rectangular in horizontal section,v as

.isffshownin Fig. 5,and it is-securedl at-itsl lower x end byy Welding, `or otherwise; to saidfbottom w`a'l1 ofsaid .base member. Thehollow.'thimble` 3 prefv, e'rb'aly," though :not Inecessarily., is formed?? from aI-se'ction -ofnstampedrsheet Steelysaid-1secticnly of y .LInaterial being 'iormedf in the 'shape.shownfin"-l -v5,16, f1, and`8. The'flukes 5, 6, '1, and'are of corresponding construction, each'thereof coml' the hollow thimble 3. serves -as `--asupport 'for a plurality f' of flukes,

'Flgn to Aproduce a4 thimble of rectangular crosssectionalshape.

'Arranged within' the basei member I f and supported by the bottom wa-llfthereof is aV tubular element"4fwhich-embraces the lower portion of The tubular element 4 theparticular embodiment of the invention shown .in the drawings including f-four of such flukes .whichI are designated by the reference characters prising ay flat plate having opposed, straight, side edges,fand"curved edges Iat theiopposite ends thereof. Also, each ofthe -flukes 5, 6, 1 -and 8 "is provided with aslot-Q ywhich has a -straight wallfatl its innerend that is-.located ata point .slightlybeyondtherlongitudinal center ofthe iiuke,..and the Aouterendportionof the sloty 9 of each iiuke .is.f1ared. .Thelowermost fluke 8 rests .uponfthe .top `edge yof.L the. tubular element d, and :.,thefflukesl1,\6...and. 5 arestacked lon-said lower- ."-mo'st uke, with thehollow' thimble 3 extending "vertically x through the slots` 8 of. the assembled l125,

,flukes :whoseinner end .portions register vwith z each other atthe center yofthe anchor. vThe hollow thimble 3 has'weldedor .otherwise se- -cured thereto, a ,plate l@ `which contacts with the top faceof the uppermost vfluke 5, saidplate having an opening formed therethrough through .which said hollow thimble extends.

VFrom the fcregoingzit isv plain'thatz' the flukes ,5, 6, 1.-and-8 are' confined: between the` top edge ofthetubular'element '4 andv the `bottom face of the plate I'. so .thatthey may not move vertilcallyof theanchorstructure to any-substantial degree. tHowever, the vertical spacing of the top edge-of the tubular elementdI and the bottom faceof .the plate Il! is such that the flukes may `be .moved outwardly with respect tothe base member Lof theanchor without being subjected to `any-binding .actonby said tubular element.. and said plate. "Likewise,when the yflukes are being moved outwardly, in a mannerto be hereinafter described, they are4 guided for straight-line movement by the Ahollow thimble during such .outward i movement," 'theiopposedy straight walls of the slot '9' of1-each'iiuke' contacting'with `correspondingly extended,opposed, straight wallsof the rectangularhollowthimlolev so thai-."there" is Pnotendency :for 'the'flukes to twist orv to be otherwisediverted from `their true-straight-line course.

-"In 'the .assembled anchor structure disclosed herein," the youtery portion-of theV lowermost fluke v5432 'rests on apor'tionfofthe top-edge of the annu.

lar wall Ib of the base member I, and a notch II (see Fig. 2) is formed in this portion of said the extension which supports the fluke 5 being of the greatest height, the extension which supports the nuke 6 being of intermediate height, While the extension that supports the nuke 1 is of the least height. The obvious reason for making the extensions I2 of different heights is that the nukes are stacked one abovev another and the extensions must be of such proper height that the bottom faces of the nukes 1, 6 and 5 will contact with the top edges of the extensions which are respectively associated with said nukes, just as the bottom face oi the nuke 8 contacts with a portion of the top edge of the annular wall Ib` of the base member I.

Extended through the hollow thimble 3 of the anchor A is an anchor rod I4 which may be of any desired length, said rod being provided at its upper end with an eye, or other suitable means (not shown) that facilitates attachment of a guy element t0 said upper end of said anchor rod, and said anchor rod at its opposite end being externally screwthreaded. The base member I has secured thereto, at the location of the opening 2, a nut retainer I5 which is constructed and arranged as is shown to good advantage in Fig. 7. In other words, the nut retainer I5 comprises a strip of material which is bent to produce a substantially U-shaped structure, the opposite ends of which are open, and integral nanges I6 are provided which extend inwardly toward each other from the upper ends of the opposed, vertical, side walls of the nut retainer. The inturned nanges I6 are provided with opposed and alined V-shaped notches I1 which serve a purpose to be hereinafter set forth, and the nut retainer is nxed to the base member I by having its flanges IB welded, or otherwise secured thereto.

The anchor rod I4 is secured to the anchor structure by being passed downwardly through the hollow thimble 3 and through the opening 2 of the base member I to the nut retainer I5, wherein a nut I4' is arranged, said nut having .been introduced into the nut retainer through an open end thereof, and the screwthreaded end portion of the anchor rod is screwed into and through the bore of the nut until the nut assumes the approximate position in which it is shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 4. The nut retainer I5 serves to hold the nut in a non-rotatable position while the screwthreaded end portion of the rod is being screwed into or out of the bore of the nut, and in this connection it is pointed out that said nut retainer will receive and retain non-rotatably any one of several sizes of square nuts. In other words, the largest nut which will be received by the nut retainer is of such size that opposed, parallel, side faces of said nut will contact with the opposed, inner faces of the vertical walls of the nut retainer to prevent rotation of the nut. A nut of this size will contact at its top face with the lower faces of the flanges I6 of the nut retainer when the anchor rod has been secured in place, the lower end face of the anchor rod contacting With-the top face of the lower horizontal wall of the nut 4 retainer. Also, nuts of such smaller sizes that they may rotate between the vertical side walls of the nut retainer, may be employed to secure the anchor rod to the anchor structure. When one of these smaller nuts is employed it is positioned Within the upper portion of the nut retainer with its upper face in contact with the bottom face of the base member I and with its upper portion seated in the opposed V-shaped notches I1 of the flanges I5 of the nut retainer.

Thus the Walls of the V-shaped notches will prevent any substantial rotation of the smaller nut while the screwthreaded end portion of the anchor rod is being screwed into or out of the bore of the nut.

By providing the improved earth anchor disclosed herein with a nut retainer that holds the nut associated with the anchor rod against rotation, the anchor rod may be removed when it is desired to abandon an anchor, so as to salvage the anchor rod and, also, to remove the anchor rod as an obstruction projecting from the ground. Thus, when an anchor is to be abandoned it is necessary, merely, to rotate the anchor rod so as to unscrew its lower screwthreaded end portion from the non-rotatably held` nut, and withdraw the anchor rod from the ground.

Supported by the anchor rod I4 for sliding movement longitudinally thereof is a top plate I8, said plate .being provided with a centrally located opening I9 through which the anchor rod is extended and having formed therethrough a plurality of elongated apertures 20 that are of rectangular shape. In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in the drawings the top plate I8 is provided with four of the apertures 2U, and associated with said top plates I8 and with the group of nukes 5, 6, 1 and 8 are four spreader arms 2 I, 22, 23, and 24. Each of the spreader arms 2|, y22, 23 and 24 is provided at its upper end with an extension 25 of reduced Width that extends through one of the apertures 20 of the top plate I8, and each of these extensions is bent inwardly above said top plate so as to prevent disengagement of the upper portion of the spreader arm from the top plate. In like manner, each of the spreader arms 2I, 22, 23 and 24 is provided with an extension 26 of reduced width at its lower end that extends through an opening 21 formed through one of the nukes 5, 6, 1 or 8, the extensions 2E of the spreader arms being bent outwardly so as to prevent disengagement of the lower portions of the spreader arms from the nukes to which they are attached.

It is to be noted that all of the spreader arms 2 I, 22, 23 and 24 are connected at their upper ends to the top plate I8. and that each spreader arm is connected at its lower end to one of the nukes 5, Ii, 1 or 8, the spreader arm 2| being connected at its lower end to the fluke 5, the spreader arm .22 being connected at its lower end to the nuke 5, the spreader arm 23 being connected at its lower end to the nuke 1, and the spreader arm 24 being connected at its lower end to the nuke 8. Also, because of the particular manner of attaching the opposite ends of the spreader arms to the top plate and the nukes, respectively, pivotal joints are provided at the points of connection of the spreader arms to the top plate and the nukes. In other words, the openings 2U of the top plate I8, and the openings 21 of the nukes 5, 5, I and 8 are substantially larger than the portions of the extensions 25 and 26 of the spreader arms which extend through said openings 2U and 21 of said *this hole* and is" positioned at the bottom thereof .fof thevarious fluke-sto `which saidflowernendsy 'meri Lopreviously; ref erred-toi herein, are. vso y1ocated'=:"that...the i `outwardly vbent portions Lof 4the xlowerextensions 26 of Aspreader..arms :will pass -through'fsaid notchesfwhen the li'lukes are being imoved outwardly-in a mannerto"behereinafter "described "'fInfthe use ofthev improved earth anchor `dis- "'closed=herein,- a hole, vof the desired "depth; is -dug `in the'ground which isonly of suffcientdiameter=toreceive the anchor in its-collapsed con- "ditlon "The'collapsed anchor is'introduced into with the anchor rod extended outA ofthe vvtopof ,thei-holeiand above the surface of the ground. A @--sliiltable tampingfto'ol Iis thenfintroducediinto the '-hbleandtheftop plate l 3 is :struck tampine2 blows iwith'fthe' aid-'of -vsaid tamping ,too-lf, and as aresult subir-such* tamping'blows the'top plate Iii-'will be ifdrlven:l downwardly `with respect to the anchor frodi-said' anchor rod vguiding said top 'plate dur- "iingffdownwardfThot/ement' thereof. As aconse- Cquence ofy such i downward ymovement of "the ltop 'ffforcel the-flukest 5, 5,31 and 8v outwardlyiso that .'.theyipenetrate into the undisturbed earth 'around .thev holeythe flukes reaching their maximum pen- 'etrationof thc-:undisturbed earth whentheb'oty '.-ftom facelof the topfplatefl contacts-with the Si,v and the top -and bottomextensions 25 and26' fof the spreader arms are subjected to slight bending action just previous -toxthe time the flukes reach the limit yofmtheirifoutward movement. .Itis tolbefnoted .thatirbecause fthe'fmetal" at the "region, ofi the ex- .;tensionaisi.bentt prior to .the fl'ukesI reaching'the limit `of their; outward movement,l thewflukesfare wlooked'intheir expanded positionsby the spread- .erf arms. ",Whenthe'flukes sof the earth vanchor :have beenrfcompletely expandeduas described the ll'iole' .is /rel-led' and the'. anchor is ready for. use. .-It'is:tovbesnoted that the compressivevforces tof-which. the-,spreader -arms 2 L. 22, '.23A andl .26 v.aref subjected y.whenv kthe ,nukes 5,15, Land 8 are .-being expanded, are notimparted directly 'tothe lpivotal joints providedy at-the'opposite ends' of saldspreader larms wherethe extensions 2 5' and l.-26 thereoff'ex-tend through openings formed ...through thev top plate I8 and through saidlukes. .Instead the'forces referred to areY received'by shoulders 28'. yand 29 (Fig, 6) which Aare i provided lat the basesI of said-extensions 25 and v'26 of said ,spreader arms. In otherwords, theshoulders-ZB at the upper. .ends of the'spreader arms 2h22, 23 .and..24y contact with .the lower-face -of :the top .plate .I8,andthe shoulders `29 at the lower-.ends .fofsaid spreader arms contact withthetop faces .of Vsaid. spreader-.arms are respectively connected, .,ad,.ther-efore,the. compressive forces to which Ithespreader armsy are subjected durinei spread- .ingof the iiukes'are transmitted rom'the downwardlymoving top. pla-te` I8 to the shoulders 28 and from/the shoulders 29 to the ukes 2|, .22, 123 and 24.

..'-.An.. extremely important feature of the inven- .-,is.thatthe spreader arms.2l, 22, 23 and 2li-are incllnedoutwardly and downwardly-.when the anchor. isin its'fully expanded condition, as is 'showrniri Eig. .4,2 because ofthe fact .that downr.ward movementy of .the top plate lI yisarrested during. expansion @of the A, anchor lbycontact thereot-Withthe topjedge off. therhollowthimble 3. if

. turbed earth-,- when the anchor is beingexpanded,

'.156' Because` ofthssituationithe'spreaden arms serve i as tie @members :which :effectivelyf resist: kany-...tendiene-y.El ff'or: the; outer," portions tot; the flukes. 5 ,J 6,1` 1 and 8. toi-bend downwardlyin response :toupward pull exerted'onztheganchor'rod I4. '.,Itisrfobvious that ifi vtlle Spreader; .arms were i permittedztonassum-e iapproximately'; horizontal lpositionsswhen .the fy anchor wasginzfitsl fully.'nexpandedcicondition,

l--said spreader armsnwould;` not .acti asi v.tien members'. and in. ,all probabilityv4 the.-.zspreader.arms lWouldjbend with; thea-:louter portions'iofithe .ffiukes if said outer f-portions; nf' thezfiukes werel Ibent' :by .pull on -theanchor'rod 'Howevenlhecausethe spreader arms; do veer-ve,Y as tie' ,menrlcxersil when'rthe anchor-is finits `fully;expanded eondition,;bereause ofthe el'evatedpositions; of. :theinner endsfot'said spreader l arms.:.downwardY` bending -.of;.'the..out,er

portions of e the -flukes is resiste-d: and bendingonf the spreadererms Ais .prevented Another desirable feature of :the anehoraofithe present invention fis y'that 'endtportionsx off-.tithe spreader arms 2l,..-22,.,23:fandfZyWhichiMarattached to the ffiukes: 5, f i5,r l' l and. 8.; are..;disposed close to the lukes, and asia` result the ,louter portions of theflukes penetrate intothezundismuch more freely `than would be the case. if -relatively large pivot structures were provided at the outer endso the nukes forattaching the spreader arms to the lukes, as -was frequently` theA oase heretofore. Also, while .the Iflared-outerl portions of the slots 8 ofthe fiukes 5, 6, Tand 81 arefintended primarily toprrovide clearance f-ortheend Aportions of the-spreader arms 2|,f22 23 and-24 which are attachedtothe flukes, said flared-s1ot portions. also-serve to facilitate assemblyfof rthe ukes with `respect -to the hollow lthimlole 3;,by `.centering the slotsof` ythe ukes relative .towsaid hollow thimble vwhen the Idukes are being introduced into placein-,the anchorassembling operation.

I claim:

' l. An earth anchor compriSinga-basemember, ,a ,p1ura1ity.of.-flukes: slidably lsupported byf said base member, a plurality or Knukes .slidablysup- .ported bysaid basemember -for` outward movement in dii-Ierentfdirections with respect to said .basev member,` an `anchor `rod operatively @associated Withsaid base member and extended therefrom, .an element, guided by said anchorwrodffor sliding movement longitudinally, thereof, .a plurality of spreader arms connectediaty correspondingends thereof to said element and connected respectively at Itheirgopposite ends tozdifferent fiukes -of said lplurality of flukes, said spreader arms being. provided-.with portions vatr.` pp0site ends thereof which extendk through, openings `f0rmed through said element and saidfiiukes frespectively, said portions being bent to positions Where saidportions .at .the yupper. `ends lof @said spreader armsoverlie top face portions orsaid element andk wherey said port-ions atrthe lower ends of sadspreader arms underlie bottom-facef-portions of said lflukes, and abutments.formed,.on said spreader arms adjacent to the :opposite ends thereof, which contactvwith faces .of-said element yand saidilukes, the relationship of the bentsportions at the opposite ,ends otfthe spreaderarms and said element and said nukes-being ,sucio .that -the .bendable metal-of the -spreaderarmsin the region of, said-bent portions -is Abentibyl-the action of expanding the anchor-.before theukes-.reach l,their outwardlimitfof movement.

n.2.-.An earth; anchor;=;comprisigngs a -fbase -:mem- 'f-ber, asfpluralityf of. flukesislidably .isupportedrby 7 said base member `for outward movement in different directions with respect to said base member, an anchor rod operatively associated with said base member and extended therefrom, an element guided by said anchor rod for sliding movement longitudinally thereof, a plurality of spreader arms connected at corresponding ends thereof to said element and connected respectively at their opposite ends to different flukes of said plurality of flukes, said spreader arms being provided with portions at opposite ends thereof which extend through openings formedthroughsaid element and said flukes respectively,said portions being bent to positions where said portions at the upper ends of said spreader arms overlie top face portions of said element and where said portions `at the lower ends of said spreader arms underlie bottom face portions of said ukes, and abutments formed on said spreader arms adjacent to the opposite ends thereof which contact with faces of said element and said flukes, the abutments adjacent to the upper ends of said spreader arms contacting with the lower face of said element and the abutments adjacent to the lower ends of said spreader arms contacting with the upper faces of said ilukes, the relationship of the bent portions at the opposite ends of the spreader arms and said element and said ukes being such that the bendable metal of the spreader arms in the region of said bent portions is bent by the action of expanding the anchor before the flukes reach their outward limit of movement.

3. An earth anchor comprising a base member, a plurality of ukes slidably supported by said base member for outward movement in different directions with respect to said base member, an anchor rod operatively associated with said base member and extended therefrom, an element guided by said anchor rod for sliding movement longitudinally thereof, a plurality of spreader arms connected at corresponding ends thereof to said element and connected respectively at their'opposite ends to different nukes of said plurality of flukes, said spreader arms being provided with portions at opposite ends thereof which extend through openings formed through said element and said flukes respectively, said portions being bent laterally to positions where said portions at the upper ends of said spreader arms overlie top face portions of said element and where said portions at the lower ends of said spreader arms underlie bottom face portions of said flukes, said base member having an upwardly extended rim portion which aids in the support of said ilukes and said rim portion being provided with notches that accommodate said bent portion at the lower ends of said spreader arms, and abutments formed on said spreader arms adjacent to the opposite ends thereof which contact with faces of said element and said nukes.

4. An earth anchor comprising a base member, a plurality of flukes slidably supported by said base member for outward movement in different directions with respect to said base member, an anchor rod operatively associated with said base member and extended therefrom, an element guided by said anchor rod for sliding movement longitudinally thereof, a plurality of spreader arms connected at corresponding ends thereof to said element and connected respectively at their opposite ends to different flukes of said plurality of flukes, said spreader arms being provided with portions at opposite ends thereof which extend through openings formed through said element and said dukes respectively, said portions being bent to positions where said portions at the upper ends of lsaid spreader'arms extend inwardly and overlie top face portions of said element and where said portions at the lower ends of said spreader arms extend outwardly and underlie bottom face portions of said nukes, and abutments formed on said spreader arms adjacent to the opposite ends thereof which contact with faces of said element and said flukes, the relationship of the bent portions at the opposite ends of the spreader arms and said element and said ukes being such that the bendable metal of the spreader arms inthe region of said bent portions is bent by the action of expanding the anchor before the flukes reach their outward limit of movement. 'L Y 5. An earth anchor comprising'a base member, a plurality of'flukes slidably supported' by lsaid base member for outward movement in different directions with respect to said base member, an anchor rod operatively associated with said base member and extended therefrom,l an element guided by said anchor rod for sliding movement .longitudinally thereof,-a plurality ofspreader arms connected at corresponding ends thereof toA said element and connected respectively at their opposite ends to different flukes of' said plurality of nukes, said spreader Yarms being provided with portions at opposite ends thereof which' extend through openings formed through said element and said nukes respectively, said portions being bent to positions where said portions at the upper ends of said spreader arms overlie topface portions ofsaid element and where said portions at the lower ends of said spreader arms underlie bottom face portions of said nukes, and abutments formed on said spreader arms adjacent to the oppositeends thereof which' contact with faces of said element and said ilukes, the abutments adjacent to the upper ends of said spreader arms contacting with the lower face of said element and the abutments adjacent to the lower ends of said spreader arms contacting with the upper faces of said i'lukes, said portions of said spreader arms which extend through said openings of said element and said flukes being of less width than the main portions of the spreader arms and said abutments being in the form of shoulders located at the bases of said portions of said spreader arms, the relationship of the bent portions at the opposite ends of the spreader arms and said element and said flukes being such thatthe bendable metal of the spreader arms in the region of said bent portions is bent bythe action of expanding the anchor before the flukes reach their outward limit of movement.

6. An earth' anchor comprising a base member, a plurality of iiukes slidably supported by said base member for outward movement in different directions with respect to said base member, an anchor rod operatively associated With said base member and extended therefrom, an element guided by said anchor rod for sliding movement longitudinally thereof, a plurality of spreader arms connected at corresponding ends thereof to said element and connected respectively at their opposite ends to different nukes of said plurality of nukes, said spreader arms being provided with portions at the upper ends thereof which extend through openings formed through said element and are bent to positions Where said portions overlie top face portions of said element, and abutments formed on said spreader arms which contact with the lower faceof said element. th'e relationship of the bent portions at the upper ends of the spreader arms and said element being such that the bendable metal of the spreader arms in the region of said bent portions is bent by the action oi' expanding the anchor before the fiukes reach their outward limit oi movement.

7. An earth anchor comprising a base member, a plurality of nukes slidably supported by said base member for outward movement in different directions with respect to said base member, an anchor rod operatively associated with said base member and extended therefrom, an element guided by said anch'or rod for sliding movement longitudinally thereof, a plurality of spreader arms connected at corresponding ends thereof to said element and connected respectively at their 10 opposite ends to diierent nukes of said plurality of nukes, said spreader arms being provided with portions at their lower ends which extend through openings formed through said nukes. said portions being bent to positions where they underlie bottom face portions of said flukes, and abutments formed on said spreader arms which contact with the top faces of said ukes, the relationship of the bent portions at the lower ends of the spreader arms and said ilukes being such that the bendabie metal or the spreader arms in the region of said bent portions is bent by the action of expanding the anchor before the ukes reach their outward limit of movement.

OSCAR F. TAILMAN. 

